This report is part of the “Harnessing Data for Democratic Development in South and Southeast Asia” (D4DAsia) initiative. The project seeks to critically examine how data governance is evolving across the region, with attention to both formal frameworks and informal norms. In the case of Thailand, this means analysing how state, corporate, and civil society actors shape the production, access, and use of data in ways that either enable or constrain democratic values. Thailand stands at a pivotal moment in its digital transformation journey, where the governance of data is increasingly central to questions of rights, development, and democratic accountability. As data becomes ever more embedded in public services, commerce, and civic life, the structures that govern its use, such as laws, policies, practices and technologies, have profound implications for inclusive and equitable development. 
This report is part of the “Harnessing Data for Democratic Development in South and Southeast Asia” (D4DAsia) initiative. The project seeks to critically examine how data governance is evolving across the region, with attention to both formal frameworks and informal norms. In the case of Thailand, this means analysing how state, corporate, and civil society actors shape the production, access, and use of data in ways that either enable or constrain democratic values. Thailand stands at a pivotal moment in its digital transformation journey, where the governance of data is increasingly central to questions of rights, development, and democratic accountability. As data becomes ever more embedded in public services, commerce, and civic life, the structures that govern its use, such as laws, policies, practices and technologies, have profound implications for inclusive and equitable development. 
On July 22, LIRNEasia, in collaboration with the United States–Sri Lanka Fulbright Commission, hosted a thought-provoking Roundtable Dialogue on the Ethics of Explainable AI at its premises. The session featured Dr. Robert T. Pennock, University Distinguished Professor at Michigan State University, who is affiliated with Lyman Briggs College, the Departments of Philosophy and the Departments of Computer Science & Engineering, and the Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior program. With a PhD in the History and Philosophy of Science, Dr. 
The EQUALS Global Partnership launched its 2025 Research Report, titled “Evidence to Impact: Advancing Gender Empowerment in the Digital Age,” at the WSIS Forum 2025. The report focuses on providing fresh global insights into gender and digital transformation, and emphasizes the urgent need for gender-inclusive digital development. The report is the result of a collective effort to advance the global conversation on digital gender equality, featuring exploratory research, case studies, and evidence-based initiatives from EQUALS partners worldwide. The EQUALS Research Report 2025 is organized into four thematic sections: Digital Skills, Digital Inclusion and Education, Digital Economy, and AI and Cybersecurity. This report serves as a valuable resource for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners seeking the most up-to-date evidence and tools for closing the gender digital divide across multiple levels. 
On July 3, 2025, in Colombo, LIRNEasia organized the “Day of Information Disorder” to disseminate research findings from two major studies: a nationally representative survey and an experimental study measuring the effectiveness of misinformation countering measures. The event brought together researchers, journalists, media professionals, tech innovators, and policy experts to address one of today’s most urgent challenges: information disorder. The day began with an introduction by Helani Galpaya, CEO of LIRNEasia, who set the tone by unpacking what information disorder is and why it matters. LIRNEasia researcher Shenali Bamaramannage followed with a thought-provoking presentation titled “Are we idiots?”, sharing key findings from LIRNEasia’s national research on the human factors influencing susceptibility to misinformation in Sri Lanka. 
A recent experimental study conducted by LIRNEasia in Sri Lanka explored people’s ability to accurately assess the truthfulness of information — and found that this ability varies significantly depending on the topic. The study focused on three types of information: climate, economic, and ethno-religious issues. Participants were asked to classify 12 climate-related cue cards as true, mostly true, mostly false, or false. This classification process was carried out in three phases over the course of the study. In the first phase (baseline evaluation), participants arrived at the test center and were asked to classify 40 cue cards, which included the climate-related cards. 
On the 1st of July 2025, LIRNEasia in collaboration with the University of Jaffna held an event titled Launch of the information disorder research in Sri Lanka and a forum on building digital resilience. The event centered around the launch of results from a LIRNEasia study assessing the ability of Tamil news readers in Sri Lanka to classify information as true/false, and measuring the effectiveness of popular countermeasures to misinformation, such as fact-checking and media literacy programs. The opening address was given by Prof. Sivakolundu Srisatkunarajah, Vice Chancellor of the University of Jaffna, talked about the digital revolution, the newer challenges arising due to the information disorder and the importance of information literacy as a counter measure. The chief guest at the event, the Hon. 
Each year, UNESCO celebrates World Press Freedom Day globally. The main/signature event is held in a different region or country each year. This year’s signature event was held in Brussels, Belgium, on the 7th of May. LIRNEasia CEO Helani Galpaya was one of the speakers on the panel titled Freedom of Expression and AI: Press Freedom, Information Integrity, and the Rule of Law. The other panellists were Michael O’Flaherty (Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe), Pedro Conceição (Director of the Human Development Report Office, UNDP), and Irene Jay Liu (Regional Director, Asia & the Pacific, International Fund for Public Interest Media). 
Sri Lanka is preparing to roll out Starlink, an innovative satellite-based telecommunications service provider. In an article published in Views Bangladesh on June 2, 2025, LIRNEasia Chair Professor Rohan Samarajiva examined the legal and regulatory dimensions of Starlink’s entry into Sri Lanka. He examined the complexities surrounding the licensing framework, public policy obligations, and the reported absence of clear provisions for lawful interception in the license. He also highlighted the technical and legal challenges posed by the absence of a local gateway, noting that lawful interception would be significantly complicated under such conditions. “News reports claim that the Starlink license does not include provisions on lawful interception. 
LIRNEasia co-convened one of the six parallel sessions, “Digital Transformation for Social Protection,” along with the World Bank at the National Social Protection Dialogue. This session focused on how to improve the Integrated Welfare Management System (IWMS), Sri Lanka’s key platform for managing social assistance delivery. 
LIRNEasia CEO Helani Galpaya was a featured speaker at the World Press Freedom Day 2025 South Asia Regional Conference, held on May 4, 2025, in Nepal. Joining the event virtually, she contributed to the opening policy dialogue – press freedom in the AI era: a regional lens wide-ranging discussion which explored how AI intersects with democratic values, legal frameworks, and freedom of expression in South Asia. Moderated by Sabina Inderjit, Vice President, International Federation of Journalists, the panel also included speakers such as Pankaj Pachauri, Senior Journalist, India, Nalaka Gunawardene, Senior Journalist, Sri Lanka and Santosh Sigdel, Executive Director, Digital Rights Nepal. In her remarks, Helani addressed the growing dominance of large social media platforms and search engines in the distribution of news, and the profound impact this has had on traditional media. She highlighted how these shifts have disrupted the value chain, contributing to revenue losses and threatening the long-term sustainability of media houses. 
Aslam Hayat (Senior Policy Fellow LIRNEasia, Country Researcher for Pakistan), and Pranesh Prakash (Policy Fellow LIRNEasia, Co-Principal Investigator), drew on research carried out under LIRNEasia’s ‘Harnessing Data for Democratic Development in South and Southeast Asia’ project to discuss aspects of data governance in Pakistan and other countries. This was part of a forum hosted by the Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI) in Pakistan, under the theme, “Public-Private Dialogue (PPD) on Data Governance in Pakistan.” The forum brought together key voices from government, academia, civil society, and the private sector in Pakistan, and was held on 23 April 2025. Aslam Hayat highlighted key findings from the research carried out in Pakistan, outlining the data governance framework in the country, identifying policy gaps and good practices. Pranesh Prakash gave an overview of the research carried out by the Harnessing Data for Democratic Development project, and discussed concepts related to data governance, privacy, and open standards. 
Pinpointing where poverty is most severe and tracking its changes over time is crucial for helping communities effectively. However, traditional benchmarks like household surveys and national censuses often fall short—they’re expensive, slow, and infrequent. In countries like Sri Lanka, this means we’re often relying on outdated information, hindering our ability to respond to sudden economic shocks or disasters. On top of that, poverty cannot be determined by income data alone, rather its multidimensional, where factors such as infrastructure, access to services, and economic activity also play a role in determining a community’s well-being. To capture these complexities, our DAP team (Data, Algorithms, and Policy) explored something different: how to rethink the way we measure poverty in Sri Lanka using AI with non-traditional data sources? 
The ‘Human Development and the Data Revolution’ report, edited by Mark Graham, Sanna Ojanperä, and Eduardo López and published by Oxford University Press features LIRNEasia as a significant case study, detailing our establishment, research, challenges, and lessons learned in leveraging big data for public good in the Global South. Through the Chapter 7 “Leveraging Big Data for Public Purposes in the Global South: LIRNEasiaʼs Experiences”, the report highlights how LIRNEasia has pioneered the use of big data across the Asia-Pacific, offering valuable real-world experiences and a critical Global South perspective on data-driven development. LIRNEasia Research fellow Shazna Zuhyle and former team members of LIRNEasia Sriganesh Lokanathan and Thavisha Perera-Gomez have contributed to this report as authors. For a more comprehensive understanding of our work and the impact on public policy, readers are encouraged to read the report, specifically the Chapter 7. 
By Nethmi Rajawasam In a recent interview with The Morning newspaper, LIRNEasia CEO Helani Galpaya discussed Sri Lanka’s progress in building digital public infrastructure, offering insights into innovative solutions and policy recommendations for enhancing government digital systems. Read the full interview to explore how Sri Lanka can leverage new approaches to achieve its digital ambitions. Before the United States’ US Digital Service (USDS) was renamed the United States DOGE Service (USDS)- in reference to the Elon Musk-led Department of Government Efficiency, the department was instrumental in improving government tech systems by bringing in private-sector expertise. Its recruits came from big-tech companies like Amazon and Google, for short, typically two-year long stints to work within public offices. The professionals ranged from engineers, product managers, and digital policy experts, recruited with the intent to help the government solve complex and technical challenges. 
LIRNEasia has drafted a regional (Asia) report for the Global Index on Responsible AI (GIRAI) that focuses on responsible Artificial Intelligence in the Asia region, which is open for public review until April 13, 2025. This report, the final output a Global Center on AI Governance (GCG)-funded project, exists in three main parts: The first section examines where Asia stands in the Global Index, identifying key trends and regional patterns. The second section contextualizes these findings through in-depth national case studies, highlighting both best practices and governance gaps. The final section takes a forward-looking approach, identifying the key developments that will shape AI governance in the region. This report was authored by Merl Chandana and Sukitha Bandaranayake, with the India case study written by Anushka Jain and Aarushi Gupta. 
The following document is a summary of an upcoming regional report for the Global Index on Responsible AI (GIRAI) that focuses on responsible Artificial Intelligence in the Asia region. The broader report, to be released in April 2025 as the final output of a Global Center on AI Governance (GCG)-funded project, was authored by Merl Chandana and Sukitha Bandaranayake from LIRNEasia, with the India case study written by Anushka Jain and Aarushi Gupta (of Digital Futures Lab, India). Part II was co-authored by Merl Chandana, Sukitha Bandaranayake, and Ana Florido. The report containing global findings of the Index can be found here.